Geothermal Technology for Architects: Understanding the Four Types of Collectors

Lewis Caudy • 5 July 2023

When it comes to sustainable and energy-efficient building design, architects are increasingly turning to geothermal technology as a viable option.

Geothermal systems harness the Earth's natural heat to provide heating, cooling, and hot water for buildings. To make the most of geothermal technology, it is important for architects to understand the different types of collectors used in these systems. In this article, we will explore the four main types of geothermal collectors and their functions.


Horizontal loop collectors

These are one of the most common collector types used in geothermal systems. As the name suggests, these collectors are installed horizontally underground, usually at a depth of around 1.2 meters. They consist of a network of plastic pipes filled with a heat transfer fluid, typically using water or a mixture of water and antifreeze. These pipes circulate the fluid, absorbing the Earth's heat in winter and dissipating excess heat in summer. Horizontal loop collectors are best suited for buildings with ample land space available.


Vertical loop collectors

Vertical loop collectors are an alternative to horizontal loops when space is limited. Instead of being laid horizontally, vertical loops are installed vertically by drilling boreholes into the ground. Multiple loops are interconnected and placed in the boreholes, typically reaching depths of 30 to 120 meters. The loops are then filled with the heat transfer fluid, and the Earth's heat is exchanged with the fluid as it circulates. Vertical loop collectors are more expensive to install due to the drilling involved, but they are an excellent choice for urban areas or sites with limited space.


Pond/lake loop collectors

Pond or lake loop collectors utilise bodies of water to exchange heat with the geothermal system. In this setup, a network of pipes is submerged in a nearby pond or lake. The pipes are filled with the heat transfer fluid, which absorbs heat from the water during the winter months and releases excess heat during summer. Pond or lake loop collectors are an ideal option for buildings located near a water source. They are cost-effective and relatively easy to install, provided there is a suitable body of water nearby.


Open loop connectors

Also known as groundwater heat pumps, these rely on wells as a source of water for the geothermal system. Water is extracted from the well, circulated through the heat pump, and then discharged back into the ground or a separate well. Open loop systems are efficient and can provide high performance, but they require a sufficient water supply and may be subject to regulatory restrictions in some areas. Architects considering this option should consult with local authorities and water experts to ensure compliance and feasibility.


In conclusion

In conclusion, geothermal technology offers architects a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for building design. By understanding the four main types of geothermal collectors - horizontal loop, vertical loop, pond/lake loop, and open loop - architects can choose the most suitable option based on site conditions, space availability, and project requirements. With proper planning and implementation, geothermal systems can significantly reduce energy consumption and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future for the built environment. To find out more about how Mesh can help implement geothermal technology in your next project, get in touch today.


SHARE THIS POST WITH YOUR NETWORK

5 July 2025
Local Planning Authorities Strengthen their Stance on Carbon Reduction in the Drive Towards Netzero
30 June 2025
A stunning villa is nearing completion in the Quinta do Lago area of the Algarve in Portugal for a private client.
23 June 2025
Plans for Highly Sustainable, Low-energy Affordable Housing Scheme in Surrey
27 May 2025
Mesh is Recognised as One of the UK's Best Workplaces
This article looks at strategies for preventing overheating in buildings to ensure occupier comfort
21 May 2025
This article from building performance and energy specialist Mesh looks at strategies for preventing overheating in buildings to ensure occupier comfort.
20 May 2025
A Stunning New Home in Wiltshire has Won a Major Award for Architectural Design
A Mesh team building event - a happy team is central to our success
16 May 2025
Developing, Nurturing and Investing in a Positive Team Culture
build
2 April 2025
Building performance consultancy Mesh is collaborating with offsite housing specialists TALO to deliver more energy-efficient low rise housing
24 March 2025
Mesh Team Blasts Half Marathon for Cancer Charities
by Pablo Jiménez-Moreno 29 April 2024
Discover the critical role of a feasibility study in integrating renewable technologies into your home. Learn how to make informed decisions for sustainable living.
More posts

Subsribe to memo from mesh